
The
Gemara (also
transliterated Gemora,
Gemarah, or, less commonly,
Gemorra; from Hebrew
גמרא, from the
Aramaic verb
gamar, study) is the component of the
Talmud comprising rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the
Mishnah. After the Mishnah was published by
Judah the Prince (c. 200 CE), the work was studied exhaustively by generation after generation of rabbis in
Babylonia and the
Land of Israel. Their discussions were written down in a series of books that became the Gemara, which when combined with the Mishnah constituted the Talmud.
There are two versions of the Gemara. The
Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi) was compiled by scholars of the Land of Israel, primarily of the academies of
Tiberias and
Caesarea, and was published between about 350–400 CE. The
Talmud Bavli was published about 500 CE by scholars of Babylonia, primarily of the academies of
Sura,
Pumbedita, and
Mata Mehasia. By convention, a reference to the "Gemara" or "Talmud," without further qualification, refers to the Babylonian version. The main compilers were Revina and Rav Ashi. see
Talmud.
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