1920 AD- The Self Realization Fellowship Church of all Religions with its headquarters in Los Angeles, CA, was founded by Paramahansa Yogananda

Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) is a worldwide spiritual organization founded by Paramahansa Yoganandain 1920^[3][4][5] and legally incorporated as a non-profit religious organization in 1935,^[6] to serve as Yogananda’s instrument for the preservation and worldwide dissemination of his writings and teachings, including Kriya Yoga.^[7] Yogananda wrote in God Talks With Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita that the science of Kriya Yoga^[8] was given to Manu, the original Adam, and through him to Janaka and other royal sages.^[9]

Self-Realization Fellowship continues to disseminate Paramahansa Yogananda's teachings following his stated Aims and Ideals.^[4][10] SRF publishes Yogananda teachings of home-study lessons, writings including Autobiography of a Yogi, lectures, and recorded talks; oversees temples, retreats, meditation centers, and monastic communities bearing the name Self-Realization Order. It also coordinates the Worldwide Prayer Circle,^[11][1] which it describes as a network of groups and individuals who pray for those in need of physical, mental, or spiritual aid, and who also pray for world peace and harmony.

SRF is based at Mount Washington^[12] in Los Angeles, California, which is the international headquarters for SRF and for Yogoda Satsanga Society of India (YSS).^[1][13] YSS was founded by Yogananda in 1917 before he came to America.^[14][1] In countries outside the Indian subcontinent the organization is known as Self-Realization Fellowship.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship

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Paramahansa Yogananda (Bengali: পরমহংস যোগানন্দ) (5 January 1893 – 7 March 1952), born Mukunda Lal Ghosh (Bengali: মুকুন্দলাল ঘোষ), was an Indian yogi and guru who introduced millions of Indians and westerners to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his organization Yogoda Satsanga Society of India and Self-Realization Fellowship. His book, Autobiography of a Yogi remains a spiritual masterpiece and was included in the 100 best spiritual books of the 21st century.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda

https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Yogananda%2C%20Paramahansa%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Paramahansa%20Yogananda%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Yogananda%2C%20Paramahansa%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Paramahansa%20Yogananda%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Yogananda%2C%20P%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Paramahansa%20Yogananda%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Yogananda%2C%20Paramahansa%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Paramahansa%20Yogananda%22%29%20OR%20%28%221893-1952%22%20AND%20Yogananda%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29

1917 AD-The 1917 Constitution of Mexico made Mexico a secular state

he Constitution of Mexico, formally the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States (Spanish: Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is the current constitution of Mexico. It was drafted in Santiago de Querétaro, in the State of Querétaro, by a constitutional convention, during the Mexican Revolution. It was approved by the Constitutional Congress on 5 February 1917. It is the successor to the Constitution of 1857, and earlier Mexican constitutions.

The current Constitution of 1917 is the first such document in the world to set out social rights, serving as a model for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Russian Constitution of 1918.Some of the most important provisions are Articles 3, 27, and 123; adopted in response to the armed insurrection of popular classes during the Mexican Revolution, these articles display profound changes in Mexican political philosophy that helped frame the political and social backdrop for Mexico in the twentieth century.^[5] Aimed at restricting the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, Article 3 established the basis for a free, mandatory, and secular education;^[6][7] Article 27 laid the foundation for land reforms;^[7] and Article 123 was designed to empower the labor sector, which had emerged in the late nineteenth century and which supported the winning faction of the Mexican Revolution.

Articles 3, 5, 24, 27, and 130 seriously restricted the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, and attempts to enforce the articles strictly by President Plutarco Calles (1924–1928) in 1926 led to the violent conflict known as the Cristero War.

In 1992, under the administration of Carlos Salinas de Gortari, there were significant revisions of the constitution, modifying Article 27 to strengthen private property rights, allow privatization of ejidos and end redistribution of land — and the articles restricting the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico were largely repealed.

Constitution Day (Día de la Constitución) is one of Mexico's annual Fiestas Patrias (public holidays), commemorating the promulgation of the Constitution on 5 February 1917. Although the official anniversary is on 5 February, the holiday takes place on the first Monday of February regardless of the date.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Mexico

1917 AD - The October Revolution in Russia led to the annexation of all church properties and subsequent religious suppression

The October Revolution (Russian: Октя́брьская револю́ция, tr. Oktyabr'skaya revolyutsiya, IPA: [ɐkˈtʲabrʲskəjə rʲɪvɐˈlʲutsɨjə]), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution(Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция, Velikaya Oktyabr'skaya sotsialističeskaya revolyutsiya), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution,^[2] or Bolshevik Coup was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Leninthat was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrectionin Petrograd on 25 October (7 November, New Style) 1917.

It followed and capitalized on the February Revolution of the same year, which overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and resulted in a provisional government after a transfer of power proclaimed by Grand Duke Michael, brother of Tsar Nicolas II, who declined to take power after the Tsar stepped down. During this time, urban workers began to organize into councils (Russian: Soviet) wherein revolutionaries criticized the provisional government and its actions. After the Congress of Soviets, now the governing body, had its second session, it elected members of the Bolsheviks and other leftist groups such as the Left Socialist Revolutionaries to important positions within the new state of affairs. This immediately initiated the establishment of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the world's first self-proclaimed socialist state. On 17 July 1918, the Tsar and his family were executed.

The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, who used their influence in the Petrograd Soviet to organize the armed forces. Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee began the occupation of government buildings on 7 November 1917 (New Style). The following day, the Winter Palace (the seat of the Provisional government located in Petrograd, then capital of Russia), was captured.

The long-awaited Constituent Assembly elections were held on 12 November 1917. In contrast to their majority in the Soviets, the Bolsheviks only won 175 seats in the 715-seat legislative body, coming in second behind the Socialist Revolutionary Party, which won 370 seats, although the SR Party no longer existed as a whole party by that time, as the Left SRs had gone into coalition with the Bolsheviks from October 1917 to March 1918. The Constituent Assembly was to first meet on 28 November 1917, but its convocation was delayed until 5 January 1918 by the Bolsheviks. On its first and only day in session, the Constituent Assembly came into conflict with the Soviets, and it rejected Soviet decrees on peace and land, resulting in the Constituent Assembly being dissolved the next day by order of the Congress of Soviets.^[3]

As the revolution was not universally recognized, there followed the struggles of the Russian Civil War(1917–22) and the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution

https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/revolutions_russian_empire

1915 AD-The Ottoman Empire committed the Armenian Genocide killing 1.5 million

The Armenian Genocide (Armenian: Հայոց ցեղասպանություն,^{[note 3]} Hayots tseghaspanutyun), also known as the Armenian Holocaust,^[9] was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians,^{[note 2]} mostly citizens within the Ottoman Empire and its successor state, the Republic of Turkey.^[10][11] The starting date is conventionally held to be 24 April 1915, the day that Ottoman authorities rounded up, arrested, and deported from Constantinople (now Istanbul) to the region of Ankara 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders, the majority of whom were eventually murdered. The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases—the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly, and the infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian Desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and massacre.^[12] Other ethnic groups were similarly targeted for extermination in the Assyrian genocide and the Greek genocide, and their treatment is considered by some historians to be part of the same genocidal policy.^[1][2] Most Armenian diaspora communities around the world came into being as a direct result of the genocide.^[13]

Raphael Lemkin was moved specifically by the annihilation of the Armenians to define systematic and premeditated exterminations within legal parameters and coin the word genocide in 1943.^[14] The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides,^[15][16][17] because scholars point to the organized manner in which the killings were carried out. It is the second most-studied case of genocide after the Holocaust.^[18]

Turkey denies the word genocide is an accurate term for these crimes. In recent years, Turkey has been faced with repeated calls to recognize them as genocide.^[19] As of 2018, 29 countries have officially recognized the mass killings as genocide, as have most genocide scholars and historians.^[20][21]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide

1908 AD-The Khalifatul Masih was established in the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community as the "Second Manifestation of God's Power"

The Ahmadiyya Caliphate is a non-political caliphate established on May 27, 1908 following the death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, who claimed to be the promised Messiah and Mahdi, the expected redeemer awaited by Muslims.^[1] It is believed by Ahmadis to be the re-establishment of the Rashidun Caliphate that commenced following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The caliphs are entitled Khalīfatul Masīh (Arabic: خليفة المسيح‎; English: Successor of the Messiah), sometimes simply referred to as Khalifa (or Caliph). The caliph is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Ghulam Ahmad. He is believed by the Community to be divinely ordained and is also referred to by its members as Amir al-Mu'minin (Leader of the Faithful) and Imam Jama'at (Imam of the Community). The 5th and current caliph is Mirza Masroor Ahmad.

After the death of Ghulam Ahmad, his successors directed the Ahmadiyya Community from Qadian, India which remained the headquarters of the community until 1947 with the creation of Pakistan. From this time on the headquarters remained in Rabwah, a town built on land bought in Pakistan by the community in 1948. In 1984, Ordinance XX was promulgated by the government of Pakistan which prohibited Ahmadi Muslims from any public expression of the Islamic faith, rendering the caliph unable to perform his duties as the leader of the community. Due to these circumstances, the 4th caliph left Pakistan and migrated to London, England, provisionally moving the headquarters to the Fazl Mosque.^[2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya

https://www.alislam.org/

1905 AD-Becoming a place of pilgrimage for neo-druids and other pagans, the Ancient Order of Druids organised the first recorded reconstructionist ceremony in Stonehenge

Polytheistic reconstructionism (or simply Reconstructionism) is an approach to paganism first emerging in the late 1960s to early 1970s, which gathered momentum starting in the 1990s. Reconstructionism attempts to re-establish historical polytheistic religions in the modern world, in contrast with neopagan syncretic movements like Wicca, and "channeled" movements like Germanic mysticism or Theosophy.

While the emphasis on historical accuracy may imply historical reenactment, the desire for continuity in ritual traditions (orthopraxy) is a common characteristic of religion in general, as seen in Anglican ritualism, or in much Christian liturgy.^[1]

History

D. H. Lawrence put a sketch of a fictional program into the mouth of a character in The Plumed Serpent (published in 1926):

So if I want Mexicans to learn the name of Quetzalcoatl, it is because I want them to speak with the tongues of their own blood. I wish the Teutonic world would once more think in terms of Thor and Wotan, and the tree Igdrasil. And I wish the Druidic world would see, honestly, that in the mistletoe is their mystery, and that they themselves are the Tuatha De Danaan, alive, but submerged. And a new Hermesshould come back to the Mediterranean, and a new Ashtaroth to Tunis; and Mithras again to Persia, and Brahma unbroken to India, and the oldest of dragons to China.^[2]

The term "Reconstructionist Paganism" was likely coined by Isaac Bonewits in the late 1970s.^[3] Bonewits has said that he is not sure whether he "got this use of the term from one or more of the other culturally focused Neopagan movements of the time, or if [he] just applied it in a novel fashion."^[3] Margot Adler later used the term "Pagan Reconstructionists" in the 1979 edition of Drawing Down the Moon to refer to those who endeavour through scholarly research and use of folklore, to revive or "reconstruct" a historically accurate, pre-Christian spiritual practice. This emphasis on reconstruction contrasts with the more fanciful and eclectic approaches to paganism, as seen for example in Wicca.^[4]

Reconstructionism and Neopaganism

See also: Neopaganism and List of Modern pagan movements

Linzie (2004) enumerates the difference between modern reconstructionist polytheism, (such as modern Hellenismos), and "classical" paganism as found in eighteenth to mid-twentieth century movements, (including Germanic mysticism, early Neodruidismand Wicca). Aspects of the former, not found in the latter, are as follows:

1. There is no attempt to recreate a combined pan-European Paganism.
2. Researchers attempt to stay within research guidelines developed over the course of the past century for handling documentation generated in the time periods that they are studying.
3. A multi-disciplinary approach is utilized capitalizing on results from various fields as historical literary research, anthropology, religious history, political history, archaeology, forensic anthropology, historical sociology, etc. with an overt attempt to avoid pseudo-sciences.
4. There are serious attempts to recreate culture, politics, science and art of the period in order to better understand the environment within which the religious beliefs were practiced.^[5]

The use of the terms "Pagan" and "Neopagan" to apply to polytheistic reconstructionists is controversial.^[1] Some reconstructionist, ethnic and indigenous religious groups take great issue with being referred to as "Pagan" or "Neopagan," viewing "Pagan" as a pejorative term used in the past by institutions attempting to destroy their cultures and religions.^[6] In addition, reconstructionists may choose to reject the terms "Pagan" and "Neopagan" in order to distance themselves from aspects of popular Neopaganism, such as eclecticism, cultural appropriation, the practice of magic, and a tendency to conduct rituals within a Wiccan-derived format, that they find irrelevant or even inimical to their religious practice.^[7]

Even among those reconstructionist groups who see themselves as part of the broader, Pagan or Neopagan spectrum, or who simply see some members of the Pagan community as allies, there is still a refusal to accept or identify with what they see as the more problematic aspects of that community, such as the above-noted eclecticism, cultural appropriation or Wiccan-inspired ritual structures. Many Polytheistic Reconstructionists see Reconstructionism as the older current in the Pagan community, and are unwilling to give up this part of their history simply because eclectic movements are currently more fashionable.^[6][8]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism

https://web.archive.org/web/20010525052646/http://www.ecauldron.com/reconindex.php

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Order_of_Druids

1905 AD - In France the law on the Separation of the Churches and the State was passed, officially establishing state secularism and putting an end to the funding of religious groups by the state.

The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and State (French: loi du 9 décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des Églises et de l'État) was passed by the Chamber of Deputies on 9 December 1905. Enacted during the Third Republic, it established state secularism in France. France was then governed by the Bloc des gauches (Left Coalition) led by Emile Combes. The law was based on three principles: the neutrality of the state, the freedom of religious exercise, and public powers related to the church. This law is seen as the backbone of the French principle of laïcité (secularism).

History

Prior to the French Revolution of 1789, Roman Catholicism had been the state religion of France, and closely identified with the Ancien Régime.^[1] However, the revolution led to various policy changes, including a brief separation of church and state in 1795,^[2] ended by Napoleon's re-establishment of the Catholic Church as the state religion with the Concordat of 1801.^[1] An important document in the evolution toward religious liberty was Article Ten of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, stating that "No one may be disturbed on account of his opinions, even religious ones, as long as the manifestation of such opinions does not interfere with the established Law and Order."^[3] The 1871 Paris Commune had proclaimed state secularism on 3 April 1871, but it had been cancelled following the Commune's defeat.^[4][5]

After the 16 May 1877 crisis and the victory of the Republicans at the following elections, various draft laws requesting the suppression of the Concordat of 1801 were deposed, starting with the 31 July 1879 proposition of Charles Boysset.^[6][7] Beginning in 1879, the French state began a gradual national secularization program starting with the removal of priests from the administrative committees of hospitals and boards of charity, and in 1880 with the substitution of lay women for nuns in hospitals.^[8][9] Thereafter, the Third Republic established secular education with the Jules Ferry laws in 1881–1882, which were a significant part of the firm establishment of the Republican regime in France, with religious instruction in all schools forbidden.^[6]

In 1886, another law ensured secularisation of the teaching staff of the National Education.^[10][11]

1904 Demonstration at the Notre Dame des Champs church in Paris

Other moves towards secularism included:

• the introduction of divorce and a requirement that civil marriages be performed in a civil ceremony^[12]
• legalizing work on Sundays^[13][14]
• making seminarians subject to conscription^[14][15]
• secularising schools and hospitals^[8][12]
• abolishing the law ordaining public prayers at the beginning of each Parliamentary Session and of the assizes^[14][16]
• ordering soldiers not to frequent Catholic clubs^[17]
• removing the religious character from the judicial oath and religious symbols from courtrooms^[18]
• forbidding the participation of the armed forces in religious processions^[14]

The 1901 Law of Associations, which guaranteed freedom of association, also enabled the control of religious communities and, notably, limited their influence on education.^[19] In 1903, while Emile Combes was minister, a commission was selected to draft a bill that would establish a comprehensive separation between the state and the churches.^[14][20] Its president was the former Protestant pastor Ferdinand Buisson, and its minute writer, Aristide Briand.^[21]

On 30 July 1904, the Chamber of Deputies voted to sever diplomatic relations with the Vatican^[22] following the sanction, by the Holy See, of two French bishops (Albert-Léon-Marie Le Nordez and Pierre Joseph Geay) who had declared themselves Republicans and in favour of conciliation with the Republic.^[23] The relationship was not reestablished until 1921, after the Senate accepted a proposition brought by Aristide Briand.^[24]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_state