The Báb, whose birth name was Sayyed ʿAli Muhammad Shirāzi (/ˈseɪjəd ˈæliː moʊˈhæməd ʃɪˈrɑːzi/, Persian: سيد علی محمد شیرازی; October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850 and Muharram 1, 1235 - Sha'ban 28, 1266), was the founder of Bábism, and one of the central figures of the Bahá'í Faith. A merchant from Shiraz in Qajar Iran who at the age of twenty-four on the evening of May 22, 1844, claimed the inspired interpreter of the Qur'an within the Shaykhi school of Twelver Shi'ism. In a series of stages, he first introduced himself as the Báb, /bɑːb/, Arabic: باب, meaning "Gate" or "Door", to the Promised Twelver Mahdi or al-Qá'im; then the Mahdi himself; then the Prophet of a New Age; and finally, as the essence of God and his being.[3] He composed numerous letters and books in which he stated his claims and defined his teachings, which constituted a new sharia(Commandments of God, as ordained by Moses, continued by Jesus as love, and then ended). His movement eventually acquired thousands of supporters opposed by Iran's Shi'i clergy, and suppressed by the Iranian government that lead to the persecution and killing of 2-3,000 of his followers, called Bábís. In 1850, at the age of thirty, the Báb was shot by a firing squad in Tabriz.
Arabic: باب, meaning "Gate" or "Door", to the Promised Twelver Mahdi or al-Qá'im; then the Mahdi himself; then the Prophet of a New Age; and finally, as the essence of God and his being.[3] He composed numerous letters and books in which he stated his claims and defined his teachings, which constituted a new sharia(Commandments of God, as ordained by Moses, continued by Jesus as love, and then ended). His movement eventually acquired thousands of supporters opposed by Iran's Shi'i clergy, and suppressed by the Iranian government that lead to the persecution and killing of 2-3,000 of his followers, called Bábís. In 1850, at the age of thirty, the Báb was shot by a firing squad in Tabriz.
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Bábism[1] (Persian: بابیه, Babiyye), also known as the Bayání Faith[2][3] (Arabic: بيانة, Bayání), is an Abrahamicmonotheistic religion which professes that there is one incorporeal, unknown, and incomprehensible God[4][5]who manifests his will in an unending series of theophanies, called Manifestations of God (Arabic: ظهور الله). It is an extremely small religion, with no more than a few thousand adherents according to current estimates, most of which are concentrated in Iran.[6][7][8] It was founded by ‘Ali Muhammad Shirazi who first assumed the title of Báb (lit. "Gate") from which the religion gets its name, out of the belief that he was the gate to the Twelfth Imam.[9] However throughout his ministry his titles and claims underwent much evolution as the Báb progressively outlined his teachings.[10]
Founded in 1844, Bábism flourished in Persia until 1852, then lingered on in exile in the Ottoman Empire, especially Cyprus, as well as underground. An anomaly amongst Islamic messianic movements, the Bábí movement signaled a break with Islam, beginning a new religious system with its own unique laws, teachings, and practices. While Bábism was violently opposed by both clerical and government establishments, it led to the founding of the Bahá'í Faith, whose followers consider the religion founded by the Báb as a predecessor to their own.
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