Kurigalzu I (died c. 1375 BC), usually inscribed
ku-ri-gal-zu but also sometimes with the
m or
ddeterminative,
[1] the 17th king of the
Kassite or 3rd dynasty that ruled over
Babylon, was responsible for one of the most extensive and widespread building programs for which evidence has survived in Babylonia. The
autobiography of Kurigalzu is one of the inscriptions which record that he was the son of
Kadašman-Ḫarbe.
[2] Galzu, whose possible native pronunciation was
gal-du or
gal-šu, was the name by which the Kassites called themselves and Kurigalzu may mean
Shepherd of the Kassites (line 23.
Ku-ur-gal-zu =
Ri-'-i-bi-ši-i, in a Babylonian name-list).
[3]
He was separated from his namesake,
Kurigalzu II, by around forty-five years and as it was not the custom to assign regnal numbers and they both had lengthy reigns, this makes it exceptionally difficult to distinguish for whom an inscription is intended.
[1] The later king is, however, better known for his military campaign against the Assyrians than any building work he may have undertaken. It is now thought, however, that it was he who was the Kurigalzu who conquered
Susa and was perhaps instrumental in the ascendancy of the Igehalkid dynasty over
Elam, ca. 1400 BC.
[4]
The Tale of Two Brothers is an ancient Egyptian story that dates from the reign of Seti II, who ruled from 1200 to 1194 BC during the 19th Dynasty of the New Kingdom.[1] The story is preserved on the Papyrus D'Orbiney,[2]which is currently preserved in the British Museum.[3]
The Papyrus of Ani is a papyrus manuscript with cursive hieroglyphs and color illustrations created c. 1250 BCE, in the 19th dynasty of the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt. Egyptians compiled an individualized book for certain people upon their death, called the Book of Going Forth by Day, more commonly known as the Book of the Dead, typically containing declarations and spells to help the deceased in their afterlife. The Papyrus of Ani is the manuscript compiled for the Theban scribe Ani._(Mus%C3%A9e_du_Caire)_(2076972086).jpg)
The Great Hymn to the Aten is the longest form of one of a number of hymn-poems written to the creator god Aten. It is attributed to King Akhenaten, who radically changed traditional forms of Egyptian religion replacing them with Atenism. The hymn-poem provides a glimpse of the religious artistry of the Amarna period expressed in multiple forms encompassing literature, new temples, and in the building of a whole new city at the site of present day Amarna as the capital of Egypt. Egyptologist Toby Wilkinson said that "It has been called 'one of the most significant and splendid pieces of poetry to survive from the pre-Homeric world.'"[1] Egyptologist John Darnell asserts that the hymn was sung.[2]
The Amarna letters (sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets) are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom. The letters were found in Upper Egypt at Amarna, the modern name for the ancient Egyptian capital of Akhetaten (el-Amarna), founded by pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s – 1330s BC) during the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, because they are mostly written in Akkadian cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia, rather than that of ancient Egypt. The known tablets total 382: 24 tablets had been recovered since the Norwegian Assyriologist Jørgen Alexander Knudtzon's landmark edition of the Amarna letters, Die El-Amarna-Tafel, published in two volumes (1907 and 1915).[1] The written correspondence spans a period of at most thirty years.
